Journal: Life

Article Title: Detection of Insulin in Insulin-Deficient Islets of Patients with Type 1 Diabetes

doi: 10.3390/life15010125

Figure Lengend Snippet: Characteristics of the primary antibodies used.

Article Snippet: Rabbit polyclonal antibodies to insulin , Santa Cruz Biotechnology, Santa Cruz, CA, USA , Sc-9168/ RRID:AB_2126540 , 1:50–1:200 , 1:100.

Techniques: Bioprocessing

Journal: Life

Article Title: Detection of Insulin in Insulin-Deficient Islets of Patients with Type 1 Diabetes

doi: 10.3390/life15010125

Figure Lengend Snippet: Detection of insulin immunoreactivity in insulin-deficient islets of children with recent onset T1D using different IF protocols. Left panel ( a , c , e ) demonstrates IF staining with increased concentrations of the primary antibodies (dilutions 1:50), increased incubation time (24 h) and AlexaFluor ® -conjugated secondary antibodies; positive staining for insulin in insulin-deficient islets is seen with rabbit polyclonal antibodies produced by Abcam (ab63820) ( e ), but not with mouse monoclonal antibodies produced by Thermo Fisher Scientific Inc. (MS-1379-P) ( a ) or rabbit polyclonal antibodies produced by Santa Cruz Biotechnology (Sc-9168) ( c ). Right panel ( b , d , f ) demonstrates IF staining with increased concentrations of the primary antibodies (dilutions 1:50), increased incubation time (24 h) and IFluor™-conjugated secondary antibodies; positive staining for insulin in insulin-deficient islets is seen with rabbit polyclonal antibodies produced by Abcam ( f ) and rabbit polyclonal antibodies produced by Santa Cruz Biotechnology ( d ), while the reaction with mouse monoclonal antibodies produced by Thermo Fisher Scientific Inc. still remains negative ( b ). Insulin-deficient islets are marked by dotted lines. Nuclei are stained by DAPI. Scale bar 50 µm.

Article Snippet: Rabbit polyclonal antibodies to insulin , Santa Cruz Biotechnology, Santa Cruz, CA, USA , Sc-9168/ RRID:AB_2126540 , 1:50–1:200 , 1:100.

Techniques: Staining, Incubation, Produced, Bioprocessing

Journal: Life

Article Title: Detection of Insulin in Insulin-Deficient Islets of Patients with Type 1 Diabetes

doi: 10.3390/life15010125

Figure Lengend Snippet: Double IF staining with mouse monoclonal antibodies to insulin (Thermo Fisher Scientific Inc., MS-1379-P) (green) and rabbit polyclonal antibodies to glucagon (red); nuclei are stained by DAPI. In insulin-containing islets of control ( a ) and T1D ( b ) persons, the majority of cells contain either insulin or glucagon; co-localization of both hormones is seen only in rare cells (arrows). Insulin-deficient islets of T1D patients predominantly composed of glucagon+ cells in which the reaction to insulin is negative ( c ). Scale bar 50 µm.

Article Snippet: Rabbit polyclonal antibodies to insulin , Santa Cruz Biotechnology, Santa Cruz, CA, USA , Sc-9168/ RRID:AB_2126540 , 1:50–1:200 , 1:100.

Techniques: Staining, Bioprocessing, Control

Journal: Life

Article Title: Detection of Insulin in Insulin-Deficient Islets of Patients with Type 1 Diabetes

doi: 10.3390/life15010125

Figure Lengend Snippet: Double IF staining with mouse monoclonal antibodies to insulin (Sigma, I2018) (green) and rabbit polyclonal antibodies to glucagon (red); nuclei are stained by DAPI. The majority of glucagon+ cells in insulin-containing islets of control ( a ) and T1D ( b ) persons, as well as glucagon+ cells in insulin-deficient islets of T1D persons ( c , d ), show strong immunoreactivity to insulin (some cells with co-localization of glucagon and insulin are marked by empty arrowheads). There are very rare cells stained for only glucagon (white arrowheads). White arrows indicate cells in which insulin and glucagon immunoreactivity are distributed in different areas of the cytoplasm. Green arrows indicate cells located in the insulin-deficient islets and positive for only insulin. Scale bar 50 µm.

Article Snippet: Rabbit polyclonal antibodies to insulin , Santa Cruz Biotechnology, Santa Cruz, CA, USA , Sc-9168/ RRID:AB_2126540 , 1:50–1:200 , 1:100.

Techniques: Staining, Bioprocessing, Control

Journal: Life

Article Title: Detection of Insulin in Insulin-Deficient Islets of Patients with Type 1 Diabetes

doi: 10.3390/life15010125

Figure Lengend Snippet: Co-localization of insulin and somatostatin in insulin-containing islets of children with recent-onset T1D ( a ), insulin-containing islets of control subjects ( c ), and insulin-deficient islets of T1D patients ( b , d ). ( a , b ) Double IF staining with mouse monoclonal antibodies to insulin (Sigma, I2018) (green) and rabbit polyclonal antibodies to somatostatin (red); ( c ) double IF staining with mouse monoclonal antibodies to insulin (Thermo Fisher Scientific Inc., MS-1379-P) (green) and rabbit polyclonal antibodies to somatostatin (red); ( d ) double IF staining with mouse monoclonal antibodies to glucagon (Sigma, G2654) (green) and rabbit polyclonal antibodies to somatostatin (red). Nuclei are stained by DAPI. White arrows indicate rare cells with co-localization of somatostatin with either insulin or glucagon. Scale bar 50 µm.

Article Snippet: Rabbit polyclonal antibodies to insulin , Santa Cruz Biotechnology, Santa Cruz, CA, USA , Sc-9168/ RRID:AB_2126540 , 1:50–1:200 , 1:100.

Techniques: Control, Staining, Bioprocessing

Journal: Life

Article Title: Detection of Insulin in Insulin-Deficient Islets of Patients with Type 1 Diabetes

doi: 10.3390/life15010125

Figure Lengend Snippet: Cellular composition of insulin-containing islets in a recent-onset T1D (case 1, 3 years 9 months old, 6 days duration). Double IF staining with mouse monoclonal antibodies to insulin (Sigma, I2018) (green) and rabbit polyclonal antibodies to glucagon (red); nuclei are stained by DAPI. The proportion of different types of islet cells varies—from islets with a predominance of insulin+ cells ( a ) to islets with approximately equal proportions of insulin+ and glucagon+/insulin+ cells ( b ), and islets with a predominance of glucagon+/insulin+ cells ( c ). Scale bar 50 µm.

Article Snippet: Rabbit polyclonal antibodies to insulin , Santa Cruz Biotechnology, Santa Cruz, CA, USA , Sc-9168/ RRID:AB_2126540 , 1:50–1:200 , 1:100.

Techniques: Staining, Bioprocessing

Journal: Life

Article Title: Detection of Insulin in Insulin-Deficient Islets of Patients with Type 1 Diabetes

doi: 10.3390/life15010125

Figure Lengend Snippet: Adjacent sections of the pancreas of a patient with longstanding T1D (case 3, 27 years old, 18 years duration) demonstrating insulin-deficient islets associated with ductal epithelium (islet–duct complex). Double IF staining with mouse monoclonal antibodies to insulin (Sigma, I2018) and rabbit polyclonal antibodies to glucagon (red) ( a ); mouse monoclonal antibodies to insulin (Sigma, I2018) (green) and rabbit polyclonal antibodies to somatostatin (red) ( b ); nuclei are stained by DAPI. Scale bar 50 µm.

Article Snippet: Rabbit polyclonal antibodies to insulin , Santa Cruz Biotechnology, Santa Cruz, CA, USA , Sc-9168/ RRID:AB_2126540 , 1:50–1:200 , 1:100.

Techniques: Staining, Bioprocessing